Ethiopia

GIMEL (By Ryan Steinberg)

Part I

1.My country is in Africa.
2.In my country they speak Amharic.
3.In my country it is very hot.
4.Some famous people in my country are Lola Monroe, Zahara Jolie-Pitt, and Liya Kebede.

Part II

5. In 1984 Operation Moses took place. In 1991 Operation Solomon took place. During both of them times big waves of Jews left Ethiopia.
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8. In Ethiopia there are Jewish day schools.
9. In Ethiopia there are hebrew schools.

Part III

13th Century — The Solominic dynasty (which claims decent from Solomon and Sheba) assumes control. During the next 300 years (1320-1620), intermittent wars are fought between the Christian kings of Ethiopia and those of the Beta Israel, which finally result in the Beta Israel's loss of independence.
16th Century — Rabbi David B. Zimra, known as the Radbaz, issues a legal response in Cairo declaring that "those who come from the land Cush (Ethiopia) are without a doubt the Tribe of Dan..." He confirms that Ethiopian Jews are fully Jewish.
1622 — Christians conquer the Ethiopian Jewish Kingdom following 300 years of warfare. The vanquished Jews are sold as slaves, forced to baptize, and denied the right to own land.
1864 — Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer, the Rabbi of Eisenstadt, Germany, publishes a manifesto in the Jewish press calling for the spiritual rescue of Ethiopian Jewry.
1867 — Professor Joseph Halevy is the first European Jew to visit the Beta Israel, subsequently becoming an advocate for the community.
1908 — Rabbis of 44 countries proclaim Ethiopian Jews to be authentic Jews.
1935-1941 — The Italian fascist army conquers Ethiopia and meets fierce resistance from the Ethiopian partisans, including the Jews.
1955 — Israel's Jewish Agency builds numerous schools and a teachers seminary for the Jews of Ethiopia. Two groups of Ethiopian Jewish students are sent to the Israeli youth village of Kfar Batya to learn Hebrew and other Jewish subjects.
1958 — Israel sends two public health teams to Ambober in the Gondar Province where most Jews are located.
1969 — The American Association for Ethiopian Jews is founded by Dr. Graenum Berger.
1970's — ORT sets up schools, clinics, and vocational training centers in Ethiopia.

1976 — Approximately 250 Ethiopians Jews are living in Israel.
1977 — Prime Minister Menachem Begin comes to power in Israel. He requests that Colonel Mariam allow Israel to transport approximately 200 Jews to Israel in an empty Israel military jet returning to Israel from Ethiopia.
1977-1984 — Approximately 8,000 Ethiopian Jews are brought to Israel by covert action.
1984 — The massive airlift known as Operation Moses begins on November 18th and ends on January 5th, 1985. During those six weeks, some 6,500 Ethiopian Jews are flown from Sudan to Israel. Attempts are made to keep the rescue effort secret, but public disclosure forces an abrupt end. In the end, an estimated 2,000 Jews die en route to Sudan or in Sudanese refugee camps.
1985 — Secret CIA-sonsored airlift brings 494 Jews from Sudan to Israel.
1984-1988 — With the abrupt halting of Operation Joshua in 1985, the Ethiopian Jewish community is split in half, with some 15,000 souls in Israel, and more than 15,000 still stranded in Ethiopia. For the next five years, only very small numbers of Jews reach Israel.
1986 — The United States Congressional Caucus for Ethiopian Jewry is established with over 140 representatives currently listed.
1987 — The Ethiopian leaders in Israel organize an assembly at Binyanei Ha'uma in Jerusalem, where the Israeli public comes together in solidarity for reunification of Ethiopian Jewry. Prime Minister Shamir, Absorption Minister Yacov Tsur, Knesset Speaker Shlomo Hillel, International Human Rights Lawyer Erwin Cotler, and Natan Scharansky participate in the conference.
1988 — The World Union of Jewish Students holds a conference on Ethiopian Jewry in Ashkelon with a closing ceremony at President Herzog's home. Israel's Ambassador to the United Nations, Pinchas Eliav, makes a formal statement at the United Nations Human Rights Commission for the reunification of Ethiopian Jews in Israel.
1990 — Ethiopia's ruler, Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam, makes a public statement expressing desire to allow Ethiopian Jews to be reunited with family members in Israel.




Aleph (by Ryan Messinger)


1.Enteria,Kenya,Somalia,Sudan,and Djibouti
2.87.9 million
3.Colonial Italy invades Ethiopia,Battle of Adwa victory,Facist Italy invades Ethiopia, and Lucy is found
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7.They break everthing and buy new stuff and they decorate the table with etiopian jew crafts and passover is the celebration of the exit from egypt
8.Etiopian cabbage,Ethiopian flat bread,Ethiopian chickpea wat

BET (By Kyle Behrens)


1.My country is Africa
2.It has a high plateau that varies from 1290 to 300m
3.Federal Republic